How to do bulk (multi row) inserts with JpaRepository?

Question

When calling the saveAll method of my JpaRepository with a long List<Entity> from the service layer, trace logging of Hibernate shows single SQL statements being issued per entity.

Can I force it to do a bulk insert (i.e. multi-row) without needing to manually fiddle with EntityManger, transactions etc. or even raw SQL statement strings?

With multi-row insert I mean not just transitioning from:

start transaction
INSERT INTO table VALUES (1, 2)
end transaction
start transaction
INSERT INTO table VALUES (3, 4)
end transaction
start transaction
INSERT INTO table VALUES (5, 6)
end transaction

to:

start transaction
INSERT INTO table VALUES (1, 2)
INSERT INTO table VALUES (3, 4)
INSERT INTO table VALUES (5, 6)
end transaction

but instead to:

start transaction
INSERT INTO table VALUES (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)
end transaction

In PROD I'm using CockroachDB, and the difference in performance is significant.

Below is a minimal example that reproduces the problem (H2 for simplicity).

./src/main/kotlin/ThingService.kt:

package things

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
import org.springframework.boot.runApplication
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository
import javax.persistence.Entity
import javax.persistence.Id
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue

interface ThingRepository : JpaRepository<Thing, Long> {
}

@RestController
class ThingController(private val repository: ThingRepository) {
    @GetMapping("/test_trigger")
    fun trigger() {
        val things: MutableList<Thing> = mutableListOf()
        for (i in 3000..3013) {
            things.add(Thing(i))
        }
        repository.saveAll(things)
    }
}

@Entity
data class Thing (
    var value: Int,
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    var id: Long = -1
)

@SpringBootApplication
class Application {
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    runApplication<Application>(*args)
}

./src/main/resources/application.properties:

jdbc.driverClassName = org.h2.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:h2:mem:db
jdbc.username = sa
jdbc.password = sa

hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create

spring.jpa.generate-ddl = true
spring.jpa.show-sql = true

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_size = 10
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_inserts = true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_updates = true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_versioned_data = true

./build.gradle.kts:

import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.tasks.KotlinCompile

plugins {
    val kotlinVersion = "1.2.30"
    id("org.springframework.boot") version "2.0.2.RELEASE"
    id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm") version kotlinVersion
    id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.spring") version kotlinVersion
    id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.jpa") version kotlinVersion
    id("io.spring.dependency-management") version "1.0.5.RELEASE"
}

version = "1.0.0-SNAPSHOT"

tasks.withType<KotlinCompile> {
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = "1.8"
        freeCompilerArgs = listOf("-Xjsr305=strict")
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
    compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa")
    compile("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8")
    compile("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect")
    compile("org.hibernate:hibernate-core")
    compile("com.h2database:h2")
}

Run:

./gradlew bootRun

Trigger DB INSERTs:

curl http://localhost:8080/test_trigger

Log output:

Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: select thing0_.id as id1_0_0_, thing0_.value as value2_0_0_ from thing thing0_ where thing0_.id=?
Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into thing (value, id) values (?, ?)

Answer

To get a bulk insert with Spring Boot and Spring Data JPA you need only two things:

set the option spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_size to appropriate value you need (for example: 20).
use saveAll() method of your repo with the list of entities prepared for inserting.

Working example is here.

Regarding the transformation of the insert statement into something like this:

INSERT INTO table VALUES (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)

the such is available in PostgreSQL: you can set the option reWriteBatchedInserts to true in jdbc connection string:

jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/db?reWriteBatchedInserts=true

then jdbc driver will do [this transformation](https://vladmihalcea.com/postgresql-multi-row-insert- rewritebatchedinserts-property/).

Additional info about batching you can find [here](https://vladmihalcea.com/how-to-batch-insert-and-update-statements- with-hibernate/).

UPDATED

Demo project in Kotlin: sb-kotlin-batch-insert- demo

UPDATED

[Hibernate disables insert batching at the JDBC level transparently if you use an IDENTITY identifier generator.](https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/orm/4.3/manual/en- US/html/ch15.html)

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