Question
How can I use regular expressions in Excel and take advantage of Excel's powerful grid-like setup for data manipulation?
- In-cell function to return a matched pattern or replaced value in a string.
- Sub to loop through a column of data and extract matches to adjacent cells.
- What setup is necessary?
- What are Excel's special characters for Regular expressions?
I understand Regex is not ideal for many situations (To use or not to use
regular expressions?) since
excel can use Left, Mid, Right, Instr type commands for similar
manipulations.
Answer
Regular expressions are used for Pattern Matching.
To use in Excel follow these steps:
Step 1 : Add VBA reference to "Microsoft VBScript Regular Expressions 5.5"
- Select "Developer" tab (I don't have this tab what do I do?)
- Select "Visual Basic" icon from 'Code' ribbon section
- In "Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications" window select "Tools" from the top menu.
- Select "References"
- Check the box next to "Microsoft VBScript Regular Expressions 5.5" to include in your workbook.
- Click "OK"
Step 2 : Define your pattern
Basic definitions:
- Range.
- E.g.
a-zmatches an lower case letters from a to z - E.g.
0-5matches any number from 0 to 5
[] Match exactly one of the objects inside these brackets.
- E.g.
[a]matches the letter a - E.g.
[abc]matches a single letter which can be a, b or c - E.g.
[a-z]matches any single lower case letter of the alphabet.
() Groups different matches for return purposes. See examples below.
{} Multiplier for repeated copies of pattern defined before it.
- E.g.
[a]{2}matches two consecutive lower case letter a:aa - E.g.
[a]{1,3}matches at least one and up to three lower case lettera,aa,aaa
+ Match at least one, or more, of the pattern defined before it.
- E.g.
a+will match consecutive a'sa,aa,aaa, and so on
? Match zero or one of the pattern defined before it.
- E.g. Pattern may or may not be present but can only be matched one time.
- E.g.
[a-z]?matches empty string or any single lower case letter.
* Match zero or more of the pattern defined before it.
- E.g. Wildcard for pattern that may or may not be present.
- E.g.
[a-z]*matches empty string or string of lower case letters.
. Matches any character except newline \n
- E.g.
a.Matches a two character string starting with a and ending with anything except\n
| OR operator
- E.g.
a|bmeans eitheraorbcan be matched. - E.g.
red|white|orangematches exactly one of the colors.
^ NOT operator
- E.g.
[^0-9]character can not contain a number - E.g.
[^aA]character can not be lower caseaor upper caseA
\ Escapes special character that follows (overrides above behavior)
- E.g.
\.,\\,\(,\?,\$,\^
Anchoring Patterns:
^ Match must occur at start of string
- E.g.
^aFirst character must be lower case lettera - E.g.
^[0-9]First character must be a number.
$ Match must occur at end of string
- E.g.
a$Last character must be lower case lettera
Precedence table:
Order Name Representation
1 Parentheses ( )
2 Multipliers ? + * {m,n} {m, n}?
3 Sequence & Anchors abc ^ $
4 Alternation |
Predefined Character Abbreviations:
abr same as meaning
\d [0-9] Any single digit
\D [^0-9] Any single character that's not a digit
\w [a-zA-Z0-9_] Any word character
\W [^a-zA-Z0-9_] Any non-word character
\s [ \r\t\n\f] Any space character
\S [^ \r\t\n\f] Any non-space character
\n [\n] New line
Example 1 : Run as macro
The following example macro looks at the value in cell A1 to see if the
first 1 or 2 characters are digits. If so, they are removed and the rest of
the string is displayed. If not, then a box appears telling you that no match
is found. Cell A1 values of 12abc will return abc, value of 1abc will
return abc, value of abc123 will return "Not Matched" because the digits
were not at the start of the string.
Private Sub simpleRegex()
Dim strPattern As String: strPattern = "^[0-9]{1,2}"
Dim strReplace As String: strReplace = ""
Dim regEx As New RegExp
Dim strInput As String
Dim Myrange As Range
Set Myrange = ActiveSheet.Range("A1")
If strPattern <> "" Then
strInput = Myrange.Value
With regEx
.Global = True
.MultiLine = True
.IgnoreCase = False
.Pattern = strPattern
End With
If regEx.Test(strInput) Then
MsgBox (regEx.Replace(strInput, strReplace))
Else
MsgBox ("Not matched")
End If
End If
End Sub
Example 2 : Run as an in-cell function
This example is the same as example 1 but is setup to run as an in-cell function. To use, change the code to this:
Function simpleCellRegex(Myrange As Range) As String
Dim regEx As New RegExp
Dim strPattern As String
Dim strInput As String
Dim strReplace As String
Dim strOutput As String
strPattern = "^[0-9]{1,3}"
If strPattern <> "" Then
strInput = Myrange.Value
strReplace = ""
With regEx
.Global = True
.MultiLine = True
.IgnoreCase = False
.Pattern = strPattern
End With
If regEx.test(strInput) Then
simpleCellRegex = regEx.Replace(strInput, strReplace)
Else
simpleCellRegex = "Not matched"
End If
End If
End Function
Place your strings ("12abc") in cell A1. Enter this formula
=simpleCellRegex(A1) in cell B1 and the result will be "abc".
Example 3 : Loop Through Range
This example is the same as example 1 but loops through a range of cells.
Private Sub simpleRegex()
Dim strPattern As String: strPattern = "^[0-9]{1,2}"
Dim strReplace As String: strReplace = ""
Dim regEx As New RegExp
Dim strInput As String
Dim Myrange As Range
Set Myrange = ActiveSheet.Range("A1:A5")
For Each cell In Myrange
If strPattern <> "" Then
strInput = cell.Value
With regEx
.Global = True
.MultiLine = True
.IgnoreCase = False
.Pattern = strPattern
End With
If regEx.Test(strInput) Then
MsgBox (regEx.Replace(strInput, strReplace))
Else
MsgBox ("Not matched")
End If
End If
Next
End Sub
Example 4 : Splitting apart different patterns
This example loops through a range (A1, A2 & A3) and looks for a string
starting with three digits followed by a single alpha character and then 4
numeric digits. The output splits apart the pattern matches into adjacent
cells by using the (). $1 represents the first pattern matched within the
first set of ().
Private Sub splitUpRegexPattern()
Dim regEx As New RegExp
Dim strPattern As String
Dim strInput As String
Dim Myrange As Range
Set Myrange = ActiveSheet.Range("A1:A3")
For Each C In Myrange
strPattern = "(^[0-9]{3})([a-zA-Z])([0-9]{4})"
If strPattern <> "" Then
strInput = C.Value
With regEx
.Global = True
.MultiLine = True
.IgnoreCase = False
.Pattern = strPattern
End With
If regEx.test(strInput) Then
C.Offset(0, 1) = regEx.Replace(strInput, "$1")
C.Offset(0, 2) = regEx.Replace(strInput, "$2")
C.Offset(0, 3) = regEx.Replace(strInput, "$3")
Else
C.Offset(0, 1) = "(Not matched)"
End If
End If
Next
End Sub
Results:
Additional Pattern Examples
String Regex Pattern Explanation
a1aaa [a-zA-Z][0-9][a-zA-Z]{3} Single alpha, single digit, three alpha characters
a1aaa [a-zA-Z]?[0-9][a-zA-Z]{3} May or may not have preceding alpha character
a1aaa [a-zA-Z][0-9][a-zA-Z]{0,3} Single alpha, single digit, 0 to 3 alpha characters
a1aaa [a-zA-Z][0-9][a-zA-Z]* Single alpha, single digit, followed by any number of alpha characters
</i8> \<\/[a-zA-Z][0-9]\> Exact non-word character except any single alpha followed by any single digit
