Question
I tried to install a package, using
install.packages("foobarbaz")
but received the warning
Warning message:
package 'foobarbaz' is not available (for R version x.y.z)
Why doesn't R think that the package is available?
See also these questions referring to specific instances of this problem:
[My package doesn't work for R
2.15.2](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13132111/my-package-doesnt-work-
for-r-2-15-2)
[package 'Rbbg' is not available (for R version
2.15.2)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13807729/package-rbbg-is-not-
available-for-r-version-2-15-2)
[package is not available (for R version
2.15.2)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15672906/package-is-not-
available-for-r-version-2-15-2)
[package doMC NOT available for R version 3.0.0 warning in
install.packages](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16453625/package-domc-
not-available-for-r-version-3-0-0-warning-in-install-packages)
[Dependency ‘Rglpk’ is not available for package
‘fPortfolio’](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17381770/dependency-rglpk-
is-not-available-for-package-fportfolio)
[What to do when a package is not available for our R
version?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17998543/what-to-do-when-a-
package-is-not-available-for-our-r-version)
[Is the bigvis package for R not available for R version
3.0.1?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18151988/is-the-bigvis-package-
for-r-not-available-for-r-version-3-0-1)
[package ‘syncwave’/‘mvcwt’ is not available (for R version
3.0.2)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19838358/package-syncwave-mvcwt-
is-not-available-for-r-version-3-0-2)
[package ‘diamonds’ is not available (for R version
3.0.0)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20112049/package-diamonds-is-not-
available-for-r-version-3-0-0)
[Is the plyr package for R not available for R version
3.0.2?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20809254/is-the-plyr-package-for-
r-not-available-for-r-version-3-0-2)
[Package bigmemory not installing on R 64
3.0.2](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21905323/package-bigmemory-not-
installing-on-r-64-3-0-2)
[package "makeR" is not available (for version
3.0.2)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21990640/package-maker-is-not-
available-for-version-3-0-2)
[package ‘RTN’ is not available (for R version
3.0.1)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22057428/package-rtn-is-not-
available-for-r-version-3-0-1)
[Trouble Installing geoR
package](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22955484/r-project-installing-
geor)
[package ‘twitterR’ is not available (for R version
3.1.0)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23088392/package-twitterr-is-not-
available-for-r-version-3-1-0)
[How to install 'Rcpp, package? I got "package is not
available"](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24331730/how-to-install-rcpp-
package-i-got-package-is-not-available)
[package ‘dataset’ is not available (for R version
3.1.1)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25089201/package-dataset-is-not-
available-for-r-version-3-1-1)
["package ‘rhipe’ is not available (for R version
3.1.2)"](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27686150/package-rhipe-is-not-
available-for-r-version-3-1-2)
Answer
1. You can't spell
The first thing to test is have you spelled the name of the package correctly? Package names are case sensitive in R.
2. You didn't look in the right repository
Next, you should check to see if the package is available. Type
setRepositories()
See also ?setRepositories.
To see which repositories R will look in for your package, and optionally
select some additional ones. At the very least, you will usually want CRAN
to be selected, and CRAN (extras) if you use Windows, and the Bioc*
repositories if you do any biological analyses.
To permanently change this, add a line like setRepositories(ind = c(1:6, 8))
to your
Rprofile.site
file.
3. The package is not in the repositories you selected
Return all the available packages using
ap <- available.packages()
See also Names of R's available packages, ?available.packages.
Since this is a large matrix, you may wish to use the data viewer to examine it. Alternatively, you can quickly check to see if the package is available by testing against the row names.
View(ap)
"foobarbaz" %in% rownames(ap)
Alternatively, the list of available packages can be seen in a browser for CRAN, CRAN (extras), Bioconductor, R-forge, RForge, and GitHub.
Another possible warnings message you may get when interacting with CRAN mirrors is:
Warning: unable to access index for repository
Which may indicate the selected CRAN repository is currently be unavailable.
You can select a different mirror with chooseCRANmirror() and try the
installation again.
There are several reasons why a package may not be available.
4. You don't want a package
Perhaps you don't really want a package. It is common to be confused about the difference between [a package and a library](http://cran.r-project.org/doc/FAQ/R-FAQ.html#What-is-the-difference- between-package-and-library_003f), or a package and a dataset.
A package is a standardized collection of material extending R, e.g. providing code, data, or documentation. A library is a place (directory) where R knows to find packages it can use
To see available datasets, type
data()
5. R or Bioconductor is out of date
It may have a dependency on a more recent version of R (or one of the packages that it imports/depends upon does). Look at
ap["foobarbaz", "Depends"]
and consider updating your R installation to the current version. On Windows,
this is most easily done via the
installr
package.
library(installr)
updateR()
(Of course, you may need to install.packages("installr") first.)
Equivalently for Bioconductor packages, you may need to update your Bioconductor installation.
source("http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R")
biocLite("BiocUpgrade")
6. The package is out of date
It may have been archived
(if it is no longer maintained and no longer passes R CMD check tests).
In this case, you can load an old version of the package using
install_version()
library(remotes)
install_version("foobarbaz", "0.1.2")
An alternative is to install from the GitHub CRAN mirror.
library(remotes)
install_github("cran/foobarbaz")
7. There is no Windows/OS X/Linux binary
It may not have a Windows
binary due to
requiring additional software that CRAN does not have. Additionally, some
packages are available only via the sources for some or all platforms. In this
case, there may be a version in the CRAN (extras) repository (see
setRepositories above).
If the package requires compiling code (e.g. C, C++, FORTRAN) then on Windows install Rtools or on OS X install the developer tools accompanying XCode, and install the source version of the package via:
install.packages("foobarbaz", type = "source")
# Or equivalently, for Bioconductor packages:
source("http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R")
biocLite("foobarbaz", type = "source")
On CRAN, you can tell if you'll need special tools to build the package from
source by looking at the NeedsCompilation flag in the description.
8. The package is on GitHub/Bitbucket/Gitorious
It may have a repository on GitHub/Bitbucket/Gitorious. These packages require
the remotes
package to install.
library(remotes)
install_github("packageauthor/foobarbaz")
install_bitbucket("packageauthor/foobarbaz")
install_gitorious("packageauthor/foobarbaz")
(As with installr, you may need to install.packages("remotes") first.)
9. There is no source version of the package
Although the binary version of your package is available, the source version is not. You can turn off this check by setting
options(install.packages.check.source = "no")
as described in this SO answer by
imanuelc and the Details section
of
?install.packages.
10. The package is in a non-standard repository
Your package is in a non-standard repository (e.g.
[Rbbg](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13807729/package-rbbg-is-not-
available-for-r-version-2-15-2)). Assuming that it is reasonably compliant
with CRAN standards, you can still download it using install.packages; you
just have to specify the repository URL.
install.packages("Rbbg", repos = "http://r.findata.org")
RHIPE on the other hand isn't in a CRAN-like
repository and has its own installation
instructions.
