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What is the minimal example code needed for a "hello world" app using Django 1.3, that enables the user to upload a file?
Answer
Phew, Django documentation really does not have good example about this. I spent over 2 hours to dig up all the pieces to understand how this works. With that knowledge I implemented a project that makes possible to upload files and show them as list. To download source for the project, visit https://github.com/axelpale/minimal-django-file-upload-example or clone it:
> git clone https://github.com/axelpale/minimal-django-file-upload-example.git
Update 2013-01-30: The source at GitHub has also implementation for Django 1.4 in addition to 1.3. Even though there is few changes the following tutorial is also useful for 1.4.
Update 2013-05-10: Implementation for Django 1.5 at GitHub. Minor changes in redirection in urls.py and usage of url template tag in list.html. Thanks to hubert3 for the effort.
Update 2013-12-07: Django 1.6 supported at GitHub. One import changed in myapp/urls.py. Thanks goes to Arthedian.
Update 2015-03-17: Django 1.7 supported at GitHub, thanks to aronysidoro.
Update 2015-09-04: Django 1.8 supported at GitHub, thanks to nerogit.
Update 2016-07-03: Django 1.9 supported at GitHub, thanks to daavve and nerogit
Project tree
A basic Django 1.3 project with single app and media/ directory for uploads.
minimal-django-file-upload-example/
src/
myproject/
database/
sqlite.db
media/
myapp/
templates/
myapp/
list.html
forms.py
models.py
urls.py
views.py
__init__.py
manage.py
settings.py
urls.py
1. Settings: myproject/settings.py
To upload and serve files, you need to specify where Django stores uploaded files and from what URL Django serves them. MEDIA_ROOT and MEDIA_URL are in settings.py by default but they are empty. See the first lines in Django Managing Files for details. Remember also set the database and add myapp to INSTALLED_APPS
...
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
...
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'database.sqlite3'),
'USER': '',
'PASSWORD': '',
'HOST': '',
'PORT': '',
}
}
...
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
...
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'myapp',
)
2. Model: myproject/myapp/models.py
Next you need a model with a FileField. This particular field stores files e.g. to media/documents/2011/12/24/ based on current date and MEDIA_ROOT. See FileField reference.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models
class Document(models.Model):
docfile = models.FileField(upload_to='documents/%Y/%m/%d')
3. Form: myproject/myapp/forms.py
To handle upload nicely, you need a form. This form has only one field but that is enough. See Form FileField reference for details.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django import forms
class DocumentForm(forms.Form):
docfile = forms.FileField(
label='Select a file',
help_text='max. 42 megabytes'
)
4. View: myproject/myapp/views.py
A view where all the magic happens. Pay attention how request.FILES are
handled. For me, it was really hard to spot the fact that
request.FILES['docfile'] can be saved to models.FileField just like that.
The model's save() handles the storing of the file to the filesystem
automatically.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.template import RequestContext
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from myproject.myapp.models import Document
from myproject.myapp.forms import DocumentForm
def list(request):
# Handle file upload
if request.method == 'POST':
form = DocumentForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
newdoc = Document(docfile = request.FILES['docfile'])
newdoc.save()
# Redirect to the document list after POST
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('myapp.views.list'))
else:
form = DocumentForm() # A empty, unbound form
# Load documents for the list page
documents = Document.objects.all()
# Render list page with the documents and the form
return render_to_response(
'myapp/list.html',
{'documents': documents, 'form': form},
context_instance=RequestContext(request)
)
5. Project URLs: myproject/urls.py
Django does not serve MEDIA_ROOT by default. That would be dangerous in production environment. But in development stage, we could cut short. Pay attention to the last line. That line enables Django to serve files from MEDIA_URL. This works only in developement stage.
See [django.conf.urls.static.static reference](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static- files/#django.conf.urls.static.static) for details. See also [this discussion about serving media files](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/446026/django- how-do-you-serve-media-stylesheets-and-link-to-them-within-templates).
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^', include('myapp.urls')),
) + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
6. App URLs: myproject/myapp/urls.py
To make the view accessible, you must specify urls for it. Nothing special here.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
url(r'^list/$', 'list', name='list'),
)
7. Template: myproject/myapp/templates/myapp/list.html
The last part: template for the list and the upload form below it. The form must have enctype-attribute set to "multipart/form-data" and method set to "post" to make upload to Django possible. See [File Uploads documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/http/file- uploads/) for details.
The FileField has many attributes that can be used in templates. E.g. {{ document.docfile.url }} and {{ document.docfile.name }} as in the template. See more about these in [Using files in models article](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/files/#using-files-in- models) and The File object documentation.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Minimal Django File Upload Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- List of uploaded documents -->
{% if documents %}
<ul>
{% for document in documents %}
<li><a href="{{ document.docfile.url }}">{{ document.docfile.name }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %}
<p>No documents.</p>
{% endif %}
<!-- Upload form. Note enctype attribute! -->
<form action="{% url 'list' %}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.non_field_errors }}</p>
<p>{{ form.docfile.label_tag }} {{ form.docfile.help_text }}</p>
<p>
{{ form.docfile.errors }}
{{ form.docfile }}
</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="Upload" /></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
8. Initialize
Just run syncdb and runserver.
> cd myproject
> python manage.py syncdb
> python manage.py runserver
Results
Finally, everything is ready. On default Django developement environment the
list of uploaded documents can be seen at localhost:8000/list/. Today the
files are uploaded to /path/to/myproject/media/documents/2011/12/17/ and can
be opened from the list.
I hope this answer will help someone as much as it would have helped me.
